Chapter+10

= **Chapter 10: ** = media type="custom" key="9033054" media type="custom" key="9031494" media type="custom" key="9031398" media type="custom" key="9031284"



















= Students with Handwriting Problems = == Graham and Harris (2005) recommend that young students with handwriting problems should be provided with supplemental instruction. == == Four-step sequence that focuses on writing lowercase letters accurately and fluently. == === **//Alphabet warm-up//**. The students practice naming, matching, and sequencing alphabet letters === === **//Alphabet practice//**. The students practice writing unit letters in isolation. === === **//Alphabet rockets//**. The students repeatedly write a sentence containing unit letters during a 3-minute time frame, and the students record the number of letters written. === === **//Alphabet fun//**. The teacher models how to make a unit letter in a funny way. ===

= Writing Instruction =

**S**—//Search// for verbs and subjects, and check.
== The use of a first-letter mnemonic cues the student how to complete the writing task independently: ==

**E**—//End// and //evaluate//
== To cue the student to detect four kinds of common errors, the teacher can introduce COPS questions to be used as an error-monitoring strategy: == === **C**—Have I //capitalized// the first word and proper nouns? === === **O**—How is the //overall// appearance? (Look at spacing, legibility, indention of paragraphs, neatness, and complete sentences.) === === **P**—Have I put in commas, semicolons, and end //punctuation//? === === **S**—Have I //spelled// all the words correctly? === = Writing Instruction for Middle School Students = == DARE is a strategy to help students compose appropriate opinion papers, while SPACE assists students in creating narratives. DARE is a first-letter mnemonic: == === D—//Develop// a position statement. === === A—//Add// supporting arguments. === === R—//Report// and refute counter arguments. === === E—//End// with a strong conclusion. === == SPACE, which also is a first letter-mnemonic, prompts students to remember the elements necessary in a fictional narrative: == === S—//Setting// elements === === P—//Problems// ===

A—//Actions//
=== C—//Consequences// === === E—//Emotions// === == Teaching theme writing through the use of the acronym TOWER provides a structured approach: == === **T**—//Think// (e.g., about content such as title, major subtopics, and details) === === **O**—//Organize// it (i.e., topics and details). ===

**W**—//Write// a draft.
=== **E**—//Evaluate// it (i.e., look for errors by using COPS). ===

**R**—//Refine// it.
= Writing Instruction = == Strategy using the acronym HOW to improve the appearance of written work and remind the student how the paper should look: ==

**W**—//Written neatly//

 * Information Found From: Teaching Students with Learning Problems, 8th Edition, Cecil D. Mercer; Ann R. Mercer; Paige C. Pullen (2011) **